====== X window system ======

Installation and basic configuration of the X window system.

===== About =====

This chapter describes the installation and configuration of the X window system on SliTaz. We will install libraries for expat, XML, fonts, a graphical server (Xvesa), a terminal emulator (xterm), various small tools and a window manager (JWM). We'll also install the JPEG libraries and Links web browser.

==== Environmental variable ($fs) ====

If you do not specify any path to the rootfs directory, export the environmental variable:

   # export fs=$PWD/rootfs

To check:

   # echo $fs

===== expat-2.0.0 - XML parser library =====

Expat (http://expat.sourceforge.net/) contains the XML parsing libraries:

   # cd ..
   # wget http://switch.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/expat/expat-2.0.0.tar.gz
   # tar xzf expat-2.0.0.tar.gz
   # cd expat-2.0.0
   # ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr \
     --mandir=/usr/share/man
   # make
   # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
   # strip -v _pkg/usr/lib/*
   # strip -v _pkg/usr/bin/*

Thereafter, we will install 'xterm' which needs libexpat.so.0, simply create a symbolic link and voilà. Then you can install the 'xmlwf' application and libraries in the rootfs:

   # cd _pkg/usr/lib
   # ln -s libexpat.so.1.5.0 libexpat.so.0
   # cp -a *.so* $fs/usr/lib
   # cd ..
   # cp -a bin/* $fs/usr/bin
   # cd ../..

==== libs ====

 Libraries used by xmlwf:
<file>
          libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0x40021000)
          libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x40041000)
          /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
</file>
===== freetype-2.3.1 - System font libraries =====

The package freetype (http://www.freetype.org/) contains libraries used by X for configuring the system fonts:

   # cd ..
   # wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/freetype-2.3.1.tar.bz2
   # tar xjf freetype-2.3.1.tar.bz2
   # cd freetype-2.3.1
   # ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr \
     --mandir=/usr/share/man
   # make
   # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
   # strip -vs _pkg/usr/lib/*
   # cp -a _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin
   # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* $fs/usr/lib

===== fontconfig-2.4.2 - Manage system fonts =====

The fontconfig package ([[http://www.fontconfig.org/wiki/|www.fontconfig.org/wiki/]]) provides the libfontconfig library used by many programs under X. Note XFree86 also provides these utilities. We chose the original package because it works better with JWM:

   # cd ..
   # wget http://fontconfig.org/release/fontconfig-2.4.2.tar.gz
   # tar xzf fontconfig-2.4.2.tar.gz
   # cd fontconfig-2.4.2
   # ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --prefix=/usr \
     --mandir=/usr/share/man --localstatedir=/var
   # make
   # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
   # strip -v _pkg/usr/bin/*
   # strip -v _pkg/usr/lib/*
   # cp -a _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin
   # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
   # cp -a _pkg/etc $fs
   # cp -a _pkg/var $fs

==== libs ====

A 'ldd' on fc-cache gives the libraries below. You can also use libfreetype of XFree86:
<file>
          libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb7f12000)
          libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7eff000)
          libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7edf000)
          libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb7eb0000)
          libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7d7b000)
          /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7f8c000)
</file>
===== Xserver - Graphical Xvesa server of Xfree86 =====

We will use the binary versions of Xvesa server ([[http://www.xfree86.org/|www.xfree86.org/]]) and fonts distributed by Xfree86.org. We could also copy Xorg libraries from the host system that would be used for compiling X applications. Xvesa works well like this and simplifies things. You can also rebuild [[xorg|Xorg packages]] on your development system.

==== Xtinyx server - Xvesa ====

The Xvesa server is very light and uses tiny libraries; it is contained in the Xtinyx.tgz archive. Download and install in /usr/bin of SliTaz rootfs:

   # cd ..
   # mkdir -p XFree86-4.6.0 && cd XFree86-4.6.0
   # wget http://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/4.6.0/binaries/Linux-ix86-glibc23/Xtinyx.tgz
   # tar xzf Xtinyx.tgz
   # cp bin/Xvesa $fs/usr/bin
   # strip $fs/usr/bin/Xvesa
   # chmod 4711 $fs/usr/bin/Xvesa

==== libs for Xvesa ====
<file>
          libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7ed6000)
          libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0xb7eb1000)
          libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7d7e000)
          /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7ef8000)
</file>
==== rgb.txt - RGB colors in X ====

The colors configuration file used by the X server is called: "rgb.txt"; we suggest that you copy it to the host system. The library libX11.so will seek the configuration files in /usr/share/X11, and the Xvesa server in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11; we create a link in /usr/share/X11 to enable this:

   # mkdir -p $fs/usr/share/X11
   # cp /usr/share/X11/rgb.txt $fs/usr/share/X11
   # chroot $fs /bin/ash
   # mkdir -p /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/
   # ln -s /usr/share/X11/rgb.txt /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb.txt
   # exit

==== Xfnts - Fonts ====

To operate the server, we need the basic fonts; you can download them from Xfree86.org and then compile packages from Xorg, or copy them from your host system. The system fonts can be put into different folders and the cache updated with "lc-cache". Attention, fonts take pride of place and you can only install the minimum. /usr/share/fonts contains the TrueType fonts such as bitstream-vera:

   # wget http://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/4.6.0/binaries/Linux-ix86-glibc23/Xfnts.tgz
   # tar xzf Xfnts.tgz
   # mkdir -p $fs/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts
   # mkdir -p $fs/usr/share/fonts/truetype

Copy the fonts...
   # cp -a lib/X11/fonts/* $fs/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts)
   # cp -a /usr/share/fonts/truetype/* $fs/usr/share/fonts/truetype

Then regenerate the fonts.dir file, you must run mkfontdir on the directory in question:

   # mkfontdir $fs/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi

Fontconfig configuration files can be found in /etc/fonts provided by the fontconfig package. Now you can run 'fc-cache' to update the cache, and 'fc-list' for a list of fonts. You do this by chrooting into the rootfs:

   # chroot $fs /bin/ash
   # fc-cache -v
   # fc-list
   # exit

==== Xlib locale - Localization files ====

On SliTaz, we installed 4 locales: C, iso8859-1, iso8859-15 and iso 8859-2 from the [[xorg|compilation of Xorg]]. You can copy these files from the host system or use the files distributed by XFree86. Sample copy of all the locales from the host system:

   # mkdir -p $fs/usr/share/X11/locale
   # cp -a /usr/share/X11/locale/* $fs/usr/share/X11/locale

==== Using X ====

Note that you can already use Xvesa as a X terminal if you have a machine on the network accepting XDMCP connections. For this, you can start the server with the "-query" option. For example:

   # Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 1024x768x24 -query 192.168.0.2

===== xterm - Terminal Emulator =====

The xterm package ([[http://invisible-island.net/xterm/|invisible-island.net/xterm/]]) provides a terminal emulator for X:

   # wget ftp://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm-223.tgz
   # tar xzf xterm-223.tgz
   # cd xterm-223
   # ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc \
     --mandir=/usr/share/man --localstatedir=/var \
     --with-app-defaults=/usr/share/X11/app-defaults \
     --build=i486-pc-linux-gnu --host=i486-pc-linux-gnu
   # make
   # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
   # strip _pkg/usr/bin/*
   # cp _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin
   # cp -a _pkg/usr/share/X11/* $fs/usr/share/X11

==== libs ====

A ldd on XTerm, we copy (and strip) the missing libraries from the host system:
<file>
      libXft.so.2 => /usr/lib/libXft.so.2 (0xb7f09000)
      libXrender.so.1 => /usr/lib/libXrender.so.1 (0xb7f00000)
      libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb7ed5000)
      libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb7e68000)
      libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7e54000)
      libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7d68000)
      libXaw.so.7 => /usr/lib/libXaw.so.7 (0xb7d0f000)
      libXmu.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXmu.so.6 (0xb7cfa000)
      libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXext.so.6 (0xb7cec000)
      libXt.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXt.so.6 (0xb7c9e000)
      libSM.so.6 => /usr/lib/libSM.so.6 (0xb7c96000)
      libICE.so.6 => /usr/lib/libICE.so.6 (0xb7c7f000)
      libncurses.so.5 => /lib/libncurses.so.5 (0xb7c3c000)
      libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xb7b2c000)
      libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7b0b000)
      libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0xb7b08000)
      libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb7b03000)
      libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0xb7aff000)
      libXpm.so.4 => /usr/lib/libXpm.so.4 (0xb7aee000)
</file>
===== libpng-1.2.18 - PNG Libraries ====

PNG libraries (http://libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html) are used to manipulate and format PNG images:

   # wget http://puzzle.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/libpng/libpng-1.2.18.tar.bz2
   # tar xjf libpng-1.2.18.tar.bz2
   # cd libpng-1.2.18
   # ./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/usr \
     --mandir=/usr/share/man
   # make
   # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
   # strip _pkg/usr/lib/*.so*
   # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/libpng12.so* $fs/usr/lib
   # cp -a _pkg/usr/bin/libpng12* $fs/usr/bin

===== jwm-2.0 - Window manager =====

Joe's Window Manager (http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/) is an ultra light and friendly window manager. This is the default SliTaz window manager. The main configuration file: /etc/jwm/system.jwnrc includes the style and config menu:

   # cd ..
   # wget http://www.joewing.net/programs/jwm/releases/jwm-2.0.tar.bz2
   # tar xjf jwm-2.0.tar.bz2
   # cd jwm-2.0
   # ./configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man \
     --sysconfdir=/etc/jwm --disable-xinerama
   # make
   # strip src/jwm
   # cp src/jwm $fs/usr/bin
   # mkdir $fs/etc/jwm
   # cp example.jwmrc $fs/etc/jwm/system.jwmrc

==== libs ====

Ldd libraries that we have provided:
<file>
      libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7e35000)
      libpng12.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpng12.so.0 (0xb7e12000)
      libXft.so.2 => /usr/lib/libXft.so.2 (0xb7e00000)
      libXrender.so.1 => /usr/lib/libXrender.so.1 (0xb7df7000)
      libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb7dcc000)
      libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb7d5f000)
      libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7d4a000)
      libXpm.so.4 => /usr/lib/libXpm.so.4 (0xb7d3a000)
      libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXext.so.6 (0xb7d2c000)
      libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xb7c1c000)
      libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0xb7c19000)
      libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb7c14000)
      libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0xb7c0f000)
      libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0xb7bea000)
      libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0xb7bc9000)
</file>
You can start the X server and JWM with the command below or create a script in /usr/bin/startx with the content:
<file>   
  Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 1024x768x24 & exec jwm
</file>
==== On SliTaz ====

SliTaz uses the ~/.Xsession file to start a graphical session. The 'startx' command checks whether the file exists or it runs 'tazx' to configure the X system. The user guide on X window is located in: /usr/share/doc/slitaz/user-guide/x-window.html or is on the website:

We chose to use the Tango icons theme http://tango.freedesktop.org/, that isn't compiled. We only use the minimum: images in 16 x 16 format that we put in /usr/share/icons.

To test JWM with a cooking ISO:

   # Xvesa -ac -shadow -screen 800x600x24 & exec jwm

===== jpeg-6b - JPEG Libraries =====

Libraries handling JPEG images, and some small utilities:

   # wget http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
   # tar xzf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
   # cd jpeg-6b
   # ./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/usr \
     --mandir=/usr/share/man
   # make
   # strip .libs/*
   # cp -a .libs/*.so* $fs/usr/lib
   # cp .libs/{cjpeg,djpeg,jpegtran} $fs/usr/bin

===== tiff-3.8.2 - TIFF Libraries and Utilities =====

Libraries handling TIFF images and some small optional utilities:

   # wget ftp://ftp.remotesensing.org/pub/libtiff/tiff-3.8.2.tar.gz
   # tar xzf tiff-3.8.2.tar.gz
   # cd tiff-3.8.2
   # ./configure  --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man
   # make
   # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
   # strip _pkg/usr/bin/*
   # strip _pkg/usr/lib/*.so*
   # cp -a _pkg/usr/lib/*.so* $fs/usr/lib

You can install the utilities you want.

===== links-2.1pre29 - Graphical and text mode web browser ====

Links ([[http://links.twibright.com/|links.twibright.com]]) is a web browser offering graphical and text modes. It is translated into multiple languages, including French:

   # cd ..
   # wget http://links.twibright.com/download/links-2.1pre28.tar.gz
   # tar xzf links-2.1pre28.tar.gz
   # cd links-2.1pre28
   # ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --mandir=/usr/share/man \
     --without-directfb --without-ssl --enable-graphics --enable-javascript
   # make
   # make DESTDIR=$PWD/_pkg install
   # strip -v _pkg/usr/bin/*
   # cp -v _pkg/usr/bin/* $fs/usr/bin

==== libs ====
<file>
      libtiff.so.3 => /usr/lib/libtiff.so.3
      libjpeg.so.62 => /usr/lib/libjpeg.so.62 (0xb7ede000)
      libpng12.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpng12.so.0 (0xb7eba000)
      libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0xb7ea7000)
      libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7dbb000)
      libdl.so.2 => /lib/tls/libdl.so.2 (0xb7db7000)
      libpcre.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpcre.so.0 (0xb7d96000)
      libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0xb7d70000)
      libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7c3e000)
      libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0xb7c3b000)
      libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb7c36000)
      /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7f5d000)
</file>
===== Generate the initramfs and an ISO image =====

To create a new ISO image, you can use 'mktaziso' in [[http://doc.slitaz.org/en:cookbook:slitaztools|SliTaz tools]] . Or you can create a new initramfs image, copy it to /boot in the root of the cdrom (rootcd) and finally generate an ISO image with genisoimage:

   # cd $fs
   # find . -print | cpio -o -H newc | gzip -9 > ../rootfs.gz
   # cd ..
   # cp rootfs.gz rootcd/boot
   # genisoimage -R -o slitaz-cooking.iso -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin \
     -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \
     -V "SliTaz" -boot-info-table rootcd

==== Following chapter ====

The next chapter [[gtk-libs|GTK+ libs]] describes the installation of GTK libraries.