Differences

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--- en:guides:newbie [2013/01/27 01:00]
oui [Grub2 is the GNU actual standard boot loader]
+++ en:guides:newbie [2013/01/29 11:08]
oui [Daily used commands]
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
     - http:[[http://forum.slitaz.org|forum]].slitaz.org : discussion point for the SliTaz community in many languages.
     - http:[[http://scn.slitaz.org|scn]].slitaz.org : SliTaz Community - read more at the web page and look on the top right hand side of the page to discover yourself the other branches of the community. Please note the [[http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#slitaz|IRC]] channel as you can often get help directly on it!
+    - http:[[http://mirror.slitaz.org/iso|mirror]].slitaz.org : SliTaz Mirror - where you will find a lot of ISO files to start your adventure with Slitaz.
 ==== Activate SliTaz ====
-Using a Slitaz CD (internet start as well as traditional ISO start) or a Slitaz floppy (only internet start), nothing else to do! If a prepared Slitaz CD / Floppy is in the CD / Floppy drive before the PC starts, only start the PC and follow the instructions on the screen!
+By using a Slitaz CD (offers a web boot as well as a traditional ISO boot) or a Slitaz floppy (web boot only), there is not much to do! If a prepared Slitaz CD or Floppy is in the CD/Floppy drive before the PC starts, just start the PC and follow the instructions on screen!
-Before you start, you can also insert an USB memory with prepared file system «ext3» into one of your USB connectors. This memory will automatic be the place where your data will be saved (Linux users say "home").
+Before you start, you can also insert an USB memory stick with a prepared file system «ext3» into one of your USB connectors. This automatically will be the place where your data is stored (Linux users say “home”).
-More easy can be nothing else!
+Nothing else could be more easy!
-If this kind of handling can't be used, SliTaz offers a lot of solutions adapted to about other starting problem and wishes!
+If this kind of installation can't be used, SliTaz offers a lot of other solutions adapted to other starting problems and wishes!
-The next chapter will introduce you to do something else!
+The next chapter will introduce you to something else!
 ===== Start SliTaz with Grub2! =====
@@ Line 46: / Line 47: @@
 ==== Master Boot Record (MBR) ====
-In each PC one of all drives (if more than one) is the Master, and contains the MBR where the initial start following each shutdown is defined. In probably the most PC's is this special record occupied by the Microsoft starting software. That software define usually that the PC can only start Microsoft- or IBM-DOS or -Windows (but divers rare PC's propose a real Dual Boot).
+In each PC, at least one of the drives (if more than one) is the Master and contains the MBR where the initial startup following each shutdown is defined. In probably most PCs this special record is occupied by Microsoft's starting software. This software defines usually that the PC can only start Microsoft- or IBM-DOS or -Windows (only rarely do PCs propose a real Dual Boot).
-It is not possible to jump with the Microsoft software directly into an other OS!
+It is not possible to boot with the Microsoft software directly into another OS!
-But it is possible to rewrite that software, a [[BootLoader]], to do it (and over that preserve eventually the access to Microsoft- or IBM-DOS or -Windows or her free or not clones like [[http://www.freedos.org|freeDOS]] or [[http://www.reactos.org|ReactOS]] or more than one or two OS's).
+But it is possible to rewrite that software, a [[BootLoader]] can do it (and over that preserve eventually the ability to boot Microsoft- or IBM-DOS or -Windows or free or not clones like [[http://www.freedos.org|freeDOS]] or [[http://www.reactos.org|ReactOS]] or more than one OS).
 ==== Grub2 is the GNU actual standard boot loader ====
-SliTaz proposes [[http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/|Grub2]] in his repositories. If not already available on your system, to install it, you need a valid Linux partition with a directory /boot (both can else be empty), and then enter following command in the console:
+SliTaz holds [[http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/|Grub2]] in its repositories. If not already available on your system you can install it by entering the following command in the console providing you have a valid Linux partition with a /boot directory (both can be empty):
 <file>tazpkg get-install grub2</file>
-Continue in the command line with (to install grub to your MBR)
+Continue in the command line (to install grub to your MBR) with:
 <file>grub-install /dev/sda
 grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg</file>
-This main mode of Grub2 installation happens generally **__after__** some [[FullInstallation|full installation]] of SliTaz (in case of SliTaz, or of some other linux distribution).
+This main way of Grub2 installation happens generally **__after__** the installation of SliTaz itself (in the case of SliTaz or of the other
+linuxes if installed by another distribution).
-(Why speak on that now? because it is the first step what happens using SliTaz before Slitaz starts itself! Also bootable CD's or floppies contains her own a little different boot loader)
+Let's speak on that now?
-==== Typical jobs for Grub2 ====
+Because it is the first step of what happens using SliTaz before Slitaz starts itself! Also bootable CDs or floppies contain their own little different boot loader. Perhaps you have Grub2 already pre-installed from a preceeding OS installation? In this case you only have to adapt your Grub2 installation! And you can start to directly use Slitaz without some CD or Floppy at the next start! If not, you just need to start Slitaz once through another way (CD, Floppy, USB installation etc.) if needed, adapt the partition of your hard disk, install Grub2 on the target partition, and continue…
+And you will see in the next chapter that Grub2 is very flexible and doesn't need any OS installation at all. It can start ISO files or frugal OS versions, as well as any full installations.
+More! The new Grub2 does not need a valid configuration at all. It includes a tiny command interpreter and it would be possible to start your system step by step using individual commands if you knew perfectly well how to do that and which parameters you have to enter (it is probably the best way to make your system inaccessible to all other people except real freaks!).
+==== Adapt a Grub2 installation ====
+**//WARNING://** There are 2 usages for Grub2.
+Some distros (for example Debian, Ubuntu, etc.) use an extended one and require from you that you don't manually edit yourself the /boot/grub/grub.conf file! If you continue to use these distros, please read the instructions given in the docs for that distro because that distro will probably automatically overwrite all the changes you made manually if you don't respect their prescribed way!
+Some distros have a simple usage of Grub2 and allow the direct adaptation of the text file /boot/grub/grub.conf. In this case you can adapt your Grub2 installation by changing the text in it. This is the configuration file for Grub2!
+==== Typical contents of Grub2 as used in SliTaz ====
+I have 3 active Slitaz versions on my hard disk. The first one, an actual //base version// (full operable, in console mode only), release 4.0, only about 7.2 Mb, will be started directly as an ISO file without any other preparation:
+<file>
+menuentry "SliTaz, ISO start, on /dev/sda5" {
+set root=(hd0,5)
+set isofile="/slitaz-4.0-base.iso"
+loopback iso $isofile
+linux (iso)/boot/bzImage from=$isofile ramdisk_size=6666 home=usb root=/dev/ram0 rw autoexec=startx changes=s512.dat
+initrd (iso)/boot/rootfs.gz
+}
+</file>
+The second was prepared by using a concatenated file rootfs.gz (its original ISO file did contain the split file system) and is a classic «frugal»!:
+<file>
+menuentry "SliTaz, frugal, on /dev/sda5" {
+set root='(hd0,5)'
+linux /slitaz/bzImage pdev1=sda5 psubdir=slitaz
+initrd /slitaz/rootfs.gz
+}
+</file>
+This last one is for a full installation:
+<file>
+menuentry "SliTaz, full, ext4, on /dev/sda3" {
+ linux (hd0,3)/boot/vmlinuz-3.2-slitaz root=/dev/hda3 ro vga=normal
+}
+</file>
+//Note:// Take care that all file names and paths are real and correctly written! Take care to write [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase|CamelCase]] names that linux users love to use! Esp. for example in the name //bzImage// !!!
+===== Training =====
+I will propose you now a //beginner training//.
+==== Base training ====
+=== Starting SliTaz base ===
+ways at your choice:
+    * burn the ISO on a fresh CD as ISO (special burn modus) and start from CD
+    * download / copy the ISO in the root of a partition of your hard disk and start with Grub2
+    * burn an ISO or use an old SliTaz CD: since years contains all CD also the net install option and make a net start of SliTaz base
+    * install the net install floppy image on a floppy  and make a net start of SliTaz base
+In this training, we will not install!
+The CD start has a little advantage: you can pass parameters (see CD messages: a very short time after start the CD will invite you to enter parameters and indicate to you how to see which parameters are available). But it has a great inconvenient: it is a dirty way to produce without need a CD for only 7 Mb regarding the pollution (try perhaps if possible with a CD-RW)!
+little menus will appear during the start phase concerning language and keyboard.
+The [[login]] appears.
+=== login ===
+Yes, in SliTaz, you have to login, you must login! But, be quiet, the SliTaz developers did take care to make it easy for you.
+You must choice one of both ways:
+    * enter as user (I recommend it to make good habits), the standard user in our ISO is //tux// and user //tux// does not need some password in SliTaz (hit only //enter// at the question //password// )
+    * enter as //root// . In linux, the administrator is named //root//, as well as the directory of system beeing the //home// of the administrator. Don't confuse both! If you will directly enter as administrator, enter the login //root// and repeat //root// in the field //password// coming soon.
+//note:// nobody will recommend to enter a linux system as //root//, it is really a bad habit!
+=== First steps ===
+As the notorious proprietary OS Unix was cloned in Linux really full graphic system were not frequent! But it was already possible to realize in console mode extensive computer operations. Linux did inherit its wide possibilities. SliTaz proposes a very neat and powerful as well as concise environment in console mode.
+===== Really basic newbies training =====
+People coming fresh from Windows will probably be surprising by Linux. For this reason, I did write an [[reallybasicnewbie|extra training]] for them.
+- You can jump this part -
+===== Daily used commands =====
+As this page is already long, please continue [[basicnewbie|here]]!

en/guides/newbie.txt · Last modified: 2013/01/31 21:15 by linea

SliTaz Doc

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