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en:guides:newbie [2013/01/28 18:49] oui [Typical contents of Grub2 as used in SliTaz] |
en:guides:newbie [2013/01/29 11:08] oui [Daily used commands] |
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| ==== Grub2 is the GNU actual standard boot loader ==== | ==== Grub2 is the GNU actual standard boot loader ==== | ||
| | | ||
| - | SliTaz proposes [[http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/|Grub2]] in his repositories. If not already available on your system, to install it, you need a valid Linux partition with a directory /boot (both can else be empty), and then enter following command in the console: | + | SliTaz holds [[http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/|Grub2]] in its repositories. If not already available on your system you can install it by entering the following command in the console providing you have a valid Linux partition with a /boot directory (both can be empty): |
| <file>tazpkg get-install grub2</file> | <file>tazpkg get-install grub2</file> | ||
| - | Continue in the command line with (to install grub to your MBR) | + | Continue in the command line (to install grub to your MBR) with: |
| <file>grub-install /dev/sda | <file>grub-install /dev/sda | ||
| grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg</file> | grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg</file> | ||
| - | This main mode of Grub2 installation happens generally **__after__** the installation of SliTaz itself (in case of SliTaz, or of the other linux distribution if installed by an other distribution). | + | This main way of Grub2 installation happens generally **__after__** the installation of SliTaz itself (in the case of SliTaz or of the other |
| + | linuxes if installed by another distribution). | ||
| - | Why speak on that now? | + | Let's speak on that now? |
| - | Because it is the first step what happens using SliTaz before Slitaz starts itself! Also bootable CD's or floppies contains her own a little different boot loader. Perhaps you have Grub2 already pre installed from a precedent OS installation? In this case you only have to adapt your Grub2 installation! And can directly use Slitaz without some CD or Floppy at the next start! If not, you just need to start Slitaz once time through an other way (CD, Floppy, USB installation etc.), if needed, adapt the partition of your hard disk, install Grub2 on the wished partition, and continue... | + | Because it is the first step of what happens using SliTaz before Slitaz starts itself! Also bootable CDs or floppies contain their own little different boot loader. Perhaps you have Grub2 already pre-installed from a preceeding OS installation? In this case you only have to adapt your Grub2 installation! And you can start to directly use Slitaz without some CD or Floppy at the next start! If not, you just need to start Slitaz once through another way (CD, Floppy, USB installation etc.) if needed, adapt the partition of your hard disk, install Grub2 on the target partition, and continue… |
| - | And you will see in the next chapter, that Grub2 is very flexibel and don't need some OS installation at all. It can start some ISO files, or frugal OS versions, as well as full installations. | + | And you will see in the next chapter that Grub2 is very flexible and doesn't need any OS installation at all. It can start ISO files or frugal OS versions, as well as any full installations. |
| - | More! The new Grub2 does not need some valid configuration at all: It includes a tiny command interpreter and it would be possible to start somewhat on your system step by step using individual commands if you perfectly know how to do that and which parameters you have to enter (it is probably the best way to make your system inaccessible to all other people excepted real freaks!). | + | More! The new Grub2 does not need a valid configuration at all. It includes a tiny command interpreter and it would be possible to start your system step by step using individual commands if you knew perfectly well how to do that and which parameters you have to enter (it is probably the best way to make your system inaccessible to all other people except real freaks!). |
| ==== Adapt a Grub2 installation ==== | ==== Adapt a Grub2 installation ==== | ||
| - | **//WARNING://** There are 2 usage of Grub2. | + | **//WARNING://** There are 2 usages for Grub2. |
| - | Some distros (for ex. Debian, Ubuntu, etc.) use an extended one and require from you, that you don't edit manually yourself the file ///boot/grub/grub.conf//! If you continue to use that distro, please read the instructions given in the doc of that distro because that distro will probably overwrite automatic all changes you are making manually if you don't respect the prescribed way! | + | Some distros (for example Debian, Ubuntu, etc.) use an extended one and require from you that you don't manually edit yourself the /boot/grub/grub.conf file! If you continue to use these distros, please read the instructions given in the docs for that distro because that distro will probably automatically overwrite all the changes you made manually if you don't respect their prescribed way! |
| - | Some distros use an simple usage of Grub2 and allow the direct adaptation in the text file ///boot/grub/grub.conf// . In this case, you will adapt your Grub2 installation by changing the text in the text file ///boot/grub/grub.conf//. It is the configuration file for Grub2! | + | Some distros have a simple usage of Grub2 and allow the direct adaptation of the text file /boot/grub/grub.conf. In this case you can adapt your Grub2 installation by changing the text in it. This is the configuration file for Grub2! |
| ==== Typical contents of Grub2 as used in SliTaz ==== | ==== Typical contents of Grub2 as used in SliTaz ==== | ||
| - | I have 3 active Slitaz versions on my hard disk. The first one, actual //base version// (full operable not really graphic linux in console mode only), release 4.0, only ab. 7.2 Mb ISO, will be started directly as ISO file without some other preparation: | + | I have 3 active Slitaz versions on my hard disk. The first one, an actual //base version// (full operable, in console mode only), release 4.0, only about 7.2 Mb, will be started directly as an ISO file without any other preparation: |
| <file> | <file> | ||
| menuentry "SliTaz, ISO start, on /dev/sda5" { | menuentry "SliTaz, ISO start, on /dev/sda5" { | ||
| Line 94: | Line 95: | ||
| } | } | ||
| </file> | </file> | ||
| - | The second did be prepared to have a concatenated file rootfs.gz (it's ISO file did contain a splited one) and is after that classic «frugal»! | + | The second was prepared by using a concatenated file rootfs.gz (its original ISO file did contain the split file system) and is a classic «frugal»!: |
| <file> | <file> | ||
| menuentry "SliTaz, frugal, on /dev/sda5" { | menuentry "SliTaz, frugal, on /dev/sda5" { | ||
| Line 109: | Line 110: | ||
| </file> | </file> | ||
| - | //Note:// Take care that all file names and paths are real and correct written! Take care to write correctly [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase|CamelCase]] names that linux users love to use! Esp. here for ex. in the name //bzImage// !!! | + | //Note:// Take care that all file names and paths are real and correctly written! Take care to write [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase|CamelCase]] names that linux users love to use! Esp. for example in the name //bzImage// !!! |
| ===== Training ===== | ===== Training ===== | ||
| Line 149: | Line 150: | ||
| As the notorious proprietary OS Unix was cloned in Linux really full graphic system were not frequent! But it was already possible to realize in console mode extensive computer operations. Linux did inherit its wide possibilities. SliTaz proposes a very neat and powerful as well as concise environment in console mode. | As the notorious proprietary OS Unix was cloned in Linux really full graphic system were not frequent! But it was already possible to realize in console mode extensive computer operations. Linux did inherit its wide possibilities. SliTaz proposes a very neat and powerful as well as concise environment in console mode. | ||
| - | | + | ===== Really basic newbies training ===== |
| + | |||
| + | People coming fresh from Windows will probably be surprising by Linux. For this reason, I did write an [[reallybasicnewbie|extra training]] for them. | ||
| + | |||
| + | - You can jump this part - | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Daily used commands ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | As this page is already long, please continue [[basicnewbie|here]]! | ||