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en:guides:newbie [2013/01/27 12:16]
oui [Grub2 is the GNU actual standard boot loader]
en:guides:newbie [2013/01/31 21:15] (current)
linea
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 ==== Activate SliTaz ==== ==== Activate SliTaz ====
  
-Using a Slitaz CD (internet start as well as traditional ISO start) or a Slitaz floppy (only internet start), nothing else to do! If a prepared Slitaz CD Floppy is in the CD / Floppy drive before the PC starts, ​only start the PC and follow the instructions on the screen!+By using a Slitaz CD (offers a web boot as well as traditional ISO boot) or a Slitaz floppy (web boot only), ​there is not much to do! If a prepared Slitaz CD or Floppy is in the CD/Floppy drive before the PC starts, ​just start the PC and follow the instructions on screen!
  
-Before you start, you can also insert an USB memory with prepared file system «ext3» into one of your USB connectors. This memory ​will automatic ​be the place where your data will be saved (Linux users say "home").+Before you start, you can also insert an USB memory ​stick with prepared file system «ext3» into one of your USB connectors. This automatically ​will be the place where your data is stored ​(Linux users say home).
  
-More easy can be nothing ​else!+Nothing ​else could be more easy!
  
-If this kind of handling ​can't be used, SliTaz offers a lot of solutions adapted to about other starting ​problem ​and wishes!+If this kind of installation ​can't be used, SliTaz offers a lot of other solutions adapted to other starting ​problems ​and wishes!
  
-The next chapter will introduce you to do something else!+The next chapter will introduce you to something else!
  
 ===== Start SliTaz with Grub2! ===== ===== Start SliTaz with Grub2! =====
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 ==== Master Boot Record (MBR) ==== ==== Master Boot Record (MBR) ====
  
-In each PC one of all drives (if more than one) is the Masterand contains the MBR where the initial ​start following each shutdown is defined. In probably ​the most PC's is this special record occupied by the Microsoft starting software. ​That software ​define ​usually that the PC can only start Microsoft- or IBM-DOS or -Windows (but divers rare PC'​s ​propose a real Dual Boot).+In each PC, at least one of the drives (if more than one) is the Master and contains the MBR where the initial ​startup ​following each shutdown is defined. In probably most PCs this special record ​is occupied by Microsoft'​s ​starting software. ​This software ​defines ​usually that the PC can only start Microsoft- or IBM-DOS or -Windows (only rarely do PCs propose a real Dual Boot). ​
  
-It is not possible to jump with the Microsoft software directly into an other OS!+It is not possible to boot with the Microsoft software directly into another ​OS! 
  
-But it is possible to rewrite that software, a [[BootLoader]], to do it (and over that preserve eventually the access ​to Microsoft- or IBM-DOS or -Windows or her free or not clones like [[http://​www.freedos.org|freeDOS]] or [[http://​www.reactos.org|ReactOS]] or more than one or two OS's).+But it is possible to rewrite that software, a [[BootLoader]] ​can do it (and over that preserve eventually the ability ​to boot Microsoft- or IBM-DOS or -Windows or free or not clones like [[http://​www.freedos.org|freeDOS]] or [[http://​www.reactos.org|ReactOS]] or more than one OS).
  
 ==== Grub2 is the GNU actual standard boot loader ==== ==== Grub2 is the GNU actual standard boot loader ====
   ​   ​
-SliTaz ​proposes ​[[http://​www.gnu.org/​software/​grub/​|Grub2]] in his repositories. If not already available on your system, to install ityou need a valid Linux partition with a directory ​/boot (both can else be empty), and then enter following command in the console:+SliTaz ​holds [[http://​www.gnu.org/​software/​grub/​|Grub2]] in its repositories. If not already available on your system ​you can install it by entering the following command in the console providing ​you have a valid Linux partition with a /boot directory ​(both can be empty):
  
 <​file>​tazpkg get-install grub2</​file>​ <​file>​tazpkg get-install grub2</​file>​
  
-Continue in the command line with (to install grub to your MBR)+Continue in the command line (to install grub to your MBR) with:
  
 <​file>​grub-install /dev/sda <​file>​grub-install /dev/sda
 grub-mkconfig -o /​boot/​grub/​grub.cfg</​file>​ grub-mkconfig -o /​boot/​grub/​grub.cfg</​file>​
  
-This main mode of Grub2 installation happens generally **__after__** the installation of SliTaz itself (in case of SliTazor of the other linux distribution ​if installed by an other distribution).+This main way of Grub2 installation happens generally **__after__** the installation of SliTaz itself (in the case of SliTaz or of the other  
 +linuxes ​if installed by another ​distribution).
  
-Why speak on that now?+Let'​s ​speak on that now?
  
-Because it is the first step what happens using SliTaz before Slitaz starts itself! Also bootable ​CD'​s ​or floppies ​contains her own little different boot loader. Perhaps you have Grub2 already pre installed from a precedent ​OS installation?​ In this case you only have to adapt your Grub2 installation! And can directly use Slitaz without some CD or Floppy at the next start! If not, you just need to start Slitaz once time through ​an other way (CD, Floppy, USB installation etc.)if needed, adapt the partition of your hard disk, install Grub2 on the wished ​partition, and continue...+Because it is the first step of what happens using SliTaz before Slitaz starts itself! Also bootable ​CDs or floppies ​contain their own little different boot loader. Perhaps you have Grub2 already pre-installed from a preceeding ​OS installation?​ In this case you only have to adapt your Grub2 installation! And you can start to directly use Slitaz without some CD or Floppy at the next start! If not, you just need to start Slitaz once through ​another ​way (CD, Floppy, USB installation etc.) if needed, adapt the partition of your hard disk, install Grub2 on the target ​partition, and continue
  
-And you will see in the next chapterthat Grub2 is very flexibel ​and don't need some OS installation at all. It can start some ISO filesor frugal OS versions, as well as full installations.+And you will see in the next chapter that Grub2 is very flexible ​and doesn't need any OS installation at all. It can start ISO files or frugal OS versions, as well as any full installations.
  
-More! The new Grub2 does not need some valid configuration at allIt includes a tiny command interpreter and it would be possible to start somewhat on your system step by step using individual commands if you perfectly ​know how to do that and which parameters you have to enter (it is probably the best way to make your system inaccessible to all other people ​excepted ​real freaks!).+More! The new Grub2 does not need valid configuration at allIt includes a tiny command interpreter and it would be possible to start your system step by step using individual commands if you knew perfectly ​well how to do that and which parameters you have to enter (it is probably the best way to make your system inaccessible to all other people ​except ​real freaks!).
  
 ==== Adapt a Grub2 installation ==== ==== Adapt a Grub2 installation ====
  
-**//​WARNING://​** There are 2 usage of Grub2.+**//​WARNING://​** There are 2 usages for Grub2.
  
-Some distros (for ex. Debian, Ubuntu, etc.) use an extended one and require from youthat you don't edit manually ​yourself the file ///​boot/​grub/​grub.conf//! If you continue to use that distro, please read the instructions given in the doc of that distro because that distro will probably overwrite ​automatic ​all changes you are making ​manually if you don't respect ​the prescribed way!+Some distros (for example ​Debian, Ubuntu, etc.) use an extended one and require from you that you don'​t ​manually ​edit yourself the /​boot/​grub/​grub.conf ​file! If you continue to use these distros, please read the instructions given in the docs for that distro because that distro will probably ​automatically ​overwrite all the changes you made manually if you don't respect ​their prescribed way!
  
-Some distros ​use an simple usage of Grub2 and allow the direct adaptation ​in the text file ///​boot/​grub/​grub.conf// . In this caseyou will adapt your Grub2 installation by changing the text in the text file ///​boot/​grub/​grub.conf//​It is the configuration file for Grub2!+Some distros ​have a simple usage of Grub2 and allow the direct adaptation ​of the text file /​boot/​grub/​grub.conf. In this case you can adapt your Grub2 installation by changing the text in itThis is the configuration file for Grub2!
  
 ==== Typical contents of Grub2 as used in SliTaz ==== ==== Typical contents of Grub2 as used in SliTaz ====
  
-I have 3 active Slitaz versions on my hard disk. The first one, actual base version (full operable ​not really graphic linux), release 4.0, only 7.2 Mb ISO, will be started directly as ISO file without ​some other preparation: ​ +I have 3 active Slitaz versions on my hard disk. The first one, an actual ​//base version// (full operable, in console mode only), release 4.0, only about 7.2 Mb, will be started directly as an ISO file without ​any other preparation: ​  ​
 <​file>​ <​file>​
-menuentry "Slitaz iso (on /dev/sda5)" {+menuentry "SliTaz, ISO start, ​on /​dev/​sda5"​ {
 set root=(hd0,​5) set root=(hd0,​5)
 set isofile="/​slitaz-4.0-base.iso"​ set isofile="/​slitaz-4.0-base.iso"​
 loopback iso $isofile loopback iso $isofile
-linux (iso)/​boot/​bzImage from=$isofile ramdisk_size=6666 root=/​dev/​ram0 rw autoexec=startx changes=s512.dat+linux (iso)/​boot/​bzImage from=$isofile ramdisk_size=6666 ​home=usb ​root=/​dev/​ram0 rw autoexec=startx changes=s512.dat
 initrd (iso)/​boot/​rootfs.gz initrd (iso)/​boot/​rootfs.gz
 } }
 </​file>​ </​file>​
-The second ​did be prepared ​to have a concatenated file rootfs.gz (it'​s ​ISO file did contain ​a splited one) and is after that classic «frugal»!+The second ​was prepared ​by using a concatenated file rootfs.gz (its original ​ISO file did contain ​the split file system) and is classic «frugal»!:
 <​file>​ <​file>​
-menuentry "slitaz ​frugal ​(on /dev/sda5)" {+menuentry "SliTaz, ​frugalon /​dev/​sda5"​ {
 set root='​(hd0,​5)'​ set root='​(hd0,​5)'​
-linux /slitaz/vmlinuz ​pdev1=sda5 psubdir=slitaz+linux /slitaz/bzImage ​pdev1=sda5 psubdir=slitaz
 initrd /​slitaz/​rootfs.gz initrd /​slitaz/​rootfs.gz
 } }
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 This last one is for a full installation:​ This last one is for a full installation:​
 <​file>​ <​file>​
-menuentry "Slitaz ​ext4 (on /dev/sda3)" {+menuentry "SliTaz, full, ext4on /​dev/​sda3"​ {
  linux (hd0,​3)/​boot/​vmlinuz-3.2-slitaz root=/​dev/​hda3 ro vga=normal ​  linux (hd0,​3)/​boot/​vmlinuz-3.2-slitaz root=/​dev/​hda3 ro vga=normal ​
 } }
 </​file>​ </​file>​
  
-==== Typical jobs for Grub2 ====+//Note:// Take care that all file names and paths are real and correctly written! Take care to write [[http://​en.wikipedia.org/​wiki/​CamelCase|CamelCase]] names that linux users love to use! Esp. for example in the name //bzImage// !!! 
 +  
 +===== Training =====
  
 +I will now propose some //beginner training//.
  
 +==== Base training ====
  
 +=== Starting SliTaz base ===
 +
 +4 ways at your disposal:
 +
 +    - burn the ISO on a fresh CD as an ISO (special burn mode) and start from the CD.
 +    - download / copy the ISO into the root of a partition of your hard disk and start with Grub2.
 +    - burn an ISO or use an old SliTaz CD: which still contains all of the CD as well as the net install option to make use of a net start of SliTaz base.
 +    - install the net install floppy image on a floppy and make a net start using SliTaz base.
 +
 +During this training, we will not install! ​
 +
 +The CD start has a slight advantage: you can pass parameters (see CD messages: a short time after starting the CD will invite you to enter parameters and indicate to you how to see which parameters are available). But it has a great inconvenience:​ it is a dirty way to produce an ISO needing a CD for only 7 Mb irregardless of space (try perhaps if possible with a CD-RW)! ​
 +
 +Two little menus will then appear during the start phase concerning language and keyboard.
 +
 +The [[login]] appears.
 +
 +=== Login ===
 +
 + Yes, in SliTaz, you have to login! But the SliTaz developers have taken care to make it easy for you. 
 +
 +You can chose one of two ways:
 +
 +   - enter as user (recommended as a good habit). The standard user in our ISO is //tux// and does not need any password for SliTaz (hit only //enter// at the //​password//​ prompt).
 +   - enter as //root// . In linux the system administrator as well as their home directory is named //root//. Don't confuse both! If you directly enter as system administrator,​ login the system as //root// and repeat //root// in the //​password//​ prompt.
 +
 +//note:// nobody recommends entering a linux system as //root//, it is a really a bad habit! ​
 +
 +=== First steps ===
 +
 +As the notorious proprietary OS Unix was cloned into Linux really full graphics systems were not that frequent! But it was already possible to realize in console mode extensive computer operations. Linux did inherit its wide possibilities. SliTaz proposes a very neat and powerful as well as concise environment in console mode. 
 +
 +===== Really basic newbies training =====
 +
 +People coming fresh from Windows will probably be surprised by Linux. For this reason, I wrote some [[reallybasicnewbie|extra training]] for them.
 +
 +- You can jump this part -
 +
 +===== Daily commands =====
 +
 +As this page is already long, please continue [[basicnewbie|here]]!
  
 
en/guides/newbie.1359285398.txt.gz · Last modified: 2013/01/27 12:16 by oui