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Pakete
Tazpkg - Paketverwaltung
SliTaz enthält eine kleine Paketverwaltung, mit der einfach zusätzliche Software installiert werden kann. Tazpkg ist eine einfache Paketverwaltung für Dateien im tazpkg-Format. Diese ist eine Kommandoprozedur, die mit den Kommandointerpretern ash in Busybox und bash gut funktioniert. Mit Tazpkg können Pakete aufgelistet, installiert, deinstalliert, transferiert, extrahiert, gepackt und gesurcht werden oder es können Informationen über verfügbare und installierte Pakete angezeigt werden. Auch können installierte Pakete erneut gepackt werden oder alle installierten Pakete automatisch aktualisiert werden. Mit dem Kommando tazpkg usage erhält man eine Liste aller Kommandos für tazpkg mit einer kurzen Beschreibung.
Auflisten von Paketen
Mit Tazpkg können alle installierten Pakete, installierten Pakete einer Kategorie Pakete in einem Depot aufgelistet werden. Eine Liste aller installierten Pakete erhält man mit:
$ tazpkg list
Um alle Kategorien oder Pakete sortiert nach Kategorie anzuzeigen, muss die Option cat oder category angegeben werden. Zum Beispiel:
$ tazpkg list cat $ tazpkg list base-system
Tazpkg kann auch eine Liste im xHTML-Format erzeugen (Standardname: installed-packages.html) in the local directory of all installed packages on the system:
$ tazpkg xhtml-list
Eine Liste aller Pakete in einem Depot erhält man mit:
$ tazpkg list-mirror
You can then examine the list in your favorite editor or use the Web site interface.
Pakete installieren
To install some new applications such as The Gimp, AbiWord, ePDFView, Perl or Python, you first need to recharge the list of available packages on the mirror and then install. If the package dependencies are not installed, Tazpkg will install them for you. For example, the installation of Gparted (a GTK+ partition editor using GNU parted):
# tazpkg recharge # tazpkg get-install gparted
Die 'get'-Pakete
There are a few packages that are prefixed with get-. These are not packages per-sé but contain only a script. This script provides binary software by:
- downloading the program
- creating a Tazpkg from it
- installing the generated Tazpkg
This means that the actual program is not contained within the get package, but that generated by it.
To manage this style of software:
- install the latest version using the get script in the get package;
- remove it by using tazpkg on the generated package.
# tazpkg get-install get-OpenOffice3 # get-OpenOffice3
Aktualisierung installierter Pakete
To keep your system up-to-date and secure after recharging the packages list, you can automatically install all new versions and security updates from the mirror with the command:
# tazpkg up
Tazpkg-Handbuch
Das Tazpkg-Handbuch enthält viele weitere nützliche Informationen.
Cookutils und der Wok
All SliTaz packages are built with a tool named Cookutils and a receipt found in the wok. The receipt provides all the necessary information to build a suitable package for Tazpkg including variables to give us the package name, source tarball format, download URL, etc. Given a receipt, the compile_rules function has all of the necessary commands to configure, make, and install the package in a specific directory. After compilation, Cookutils will execute the function genpkg_rules to pick up only the needed/wanted files and generate a pkg.tazpkg (cpio archive). On SliTaz you will find all installed package receipts in the directory /var/lib/tazpkg/installed, feel free to examine them or even use one as an example.
Cookutils will search by default for a wok in /home/slitaz/wok and put generated packages in /home/slitaz/packages. These paths are set by a Cookutils configuration file which can be located in /etc/slitaz/cook.conf or in the current directory, which is useful if you want to work with multiple woks. Now, if the Cookutils are setup (# cook setup) and the slitaz-toolchain is installed, you can start to create and build a package which doesn't need many dependencies. Small example:
# cook new pkgname --interactive
When a new package tree and receipt has been created in the wok, you can edit the receipt with your favorite editor (Geany provides nicely colored code), modify the rules, functions, add dependencies to the DEPENDS variable if needed and try a first cook:
# cook pkgname
Note that you can now browse the generated files, modify the cooking receipt again or just rebuild the package. When you are happy with your work you can install the package with tazpkg install and then test the application or library.